Wolves Keeping Nature in Balance Essay - 1057 Words

Everyone knows of the apocryphal evil that is wolves, hunting our children, killing our livestock, taking the best deer. Having a wolf hunting season seems like a no brainer, right? But what if that’s not how wolves are, what if they are innocent, so to say. Should they be hunted? The short answer is no. There should not be a wolf hunting season because many of the thoughts on wolves are incorrect; hunting would compromise wolf studies, and the population is already suffering. We have all heard of the Big Bad Wolf, stalking children and spreading fear and chaos. It commits heinous crimes and deserves to be destroyed. This is a misdemeanor. Wolves hunt deer, rabbits, moose, and other animals (â€Å"Wolf†). Because most of the animals they hunt†¦show more content†¦This happens because baying dogs appear as an attacker to wolves, causing them to go on the defense. The best solution would be not to use hunting dogs, but this option is exceedingly undesirable. Mult iple decades and thousands of dollars have been invested into the research of wolves and their behavior. One of the most successful ongoing studies takes place every winter on Isle Royale. They collar and track the wolves, studying their hunting habits and interactions with other packs. While visiting Isle Royale this summer, one of the Park Rangers said to me, â€Å"Wolves make great family members, but awful neighbors. Kind of like the Mafia.† While this may seem strange, what she meant was this; wolves are especially munificent towards their pack mates. They are loyal and some of the best parents, especially the fathers. However, they have been known to assassinate neighboring pack members at times (â€Å"All About Wolves†). Isle Royale is a prime example of this; limited space and resources cause constant fighting between the packs. While on the mainland wolves don’t fight over territory as much due to more space. Researchers can use this to their advantage. How? By creating a fake wolf pack. How it works is if a pack is attacking livestock, they can usually eliminate the one or two problem wolves and not have to worry. This doesnt always work, which then results in exterminating the pack. There is another solution they are trying. Instead,Show MoreRelatedBenefits of Keeping Endangered Species Around1234 Words   |  5 Pageshunted to extinction. The calvria tree depended on the dodo to digest its seeds for new trees to grow. Once the dodos were gone, the trees had no way to reproduce. Only a few very old trees survive today (Primack 35). One of the benefits of keeping endangered species around is to help the economy. This can be seen in industries such as fishing and agriculture. Food crops depend on pollinators in order to grow. About $10 billion worth of crops in the U.S. are pollinated by honeybees, whichRead MoreHada Gwaii Case Study905 Words   |  4 Pagesitself. It is costly for those that are unstable financially and rely on deer as main food source even though there is an over-abundance of them with a need to decrease their numbers. When brought up during our presentation, the head of the Restoring Balance project stated that by removing the price on deer tags, it opens the hunt to all outsiders as well, who will surely take advantage of this opportunity and take the meat for themselves leaving only a scarce amount for the locals to harvest. A followRead MoreShould Animal Poaching Be Illegal?1914 Words   |  8 Pagescontinues. The elephants’ population has decreased by more fifty percent over a ten year period due to poaching. The animals that reside here on earth brings a balance to the world that is needed. Since the mass killings started the balance has been knocked all the way off. If stopped, the balance will be restored and everything will resume as nature intended. HISTORY Poaching is an illegal form of hunting that mostly is executed in Africa and Asia. In the past, mostly elephants were the main targets forRead MoreA National Counter Intelligence ( Ci ) Strategy1304 Words   |  6 Pagesstrong sense given that we have a sharp tool to use, but we have not taken full advantage of its capabilities. The use of CI provides a power to take advantage of the opponent’s weakness and to position politically and strategically ourselves so as to keeping our adversaries in a position of defensive reaction. The objective is to keep the adversary in a defensive poster within their own state rather than giving opportunity for them to act in ours. In terms of state power, CI is a strong tool to use andRead MoreEthical Implications Of Genetic Engineering1811 Words   |  8 Pagestargeted modifications. All of this potential isn’t without hidden dangers as the effects of our genetic manipulation of nature have yet to be fully realized and may never be. Should we continue on our course of exploration and discovery in the field of genetics? Should governments tightly restrict or outright prohibit any attempts at manipulating life on this planet? Maybe some balance of both? While there will always be risks involved in any procedure that involves the manipulation of an organism’sRead MoreHunting Essay3907 Words   |  16 Pagesradio-collared white-tailed deer found that of the 22 deer who had been shot with traditional archery equipment, 11 were wounded but not recovered by hunters.(14)   Hunting disrupts migration and hibernation patterns and destroys families. For animals such as wolves, who mate for life and live in close-knit family units, hunting can devastate entire communities. The stress from which hunted animals suffer can severely compromise their normal eating habits, making it hard for them to store the fat and energy thatRead MoreEssay about Value in Nature1986 Words   |  8 Pagesvalue-able entity with rights and duties of its own. But nature operates on a different basis: â€Å"there are no rights in the wild, and nature is indifferent to the welfare of particular animals† (Rolston, p.75). In order to formulate an autonomous environmental ethics, then, we must be able to move beyond the humanist focus on the self, towards a new source of value and a new type of value. In this essay, I intend to examine the idea of value in nature, drawing especially on Holmes Rolston III’s conceptRead More Heroism, Magic and Retribution in Lord of the Rings and The Hobbit2202 Words   |  9 Pagesexperienced a form of heroism. In the story The Hobbit, we see heroic deeds being accomplished by the main character Bilbo. This occurs when the companions do battle with giant venomous spiders in Mirkwood forest. Bilbo finds depth and strength in his nature that he was surprised was there and smote these villainous creatures all on his own, saving his friends and adding to his stature among those in the group. Somehow the killing of the giant spider, all alone by himself in the dark without the helpRead MoreThe Novel The Zookeeper s Wife 2010 Words   |  9 Pagessoldiers threaten to murder all the people living in the villa. The soldiers ordered everyone to stand and a straight line, as they pointed their guns at them. At the time, Antonia was pregnant with her second child and she could barley keep her balance. The soldiers took the Fox Man’s fifteen-year-old helper behind the shed and a shot was fired. The soldiers then ca me back and indicated that RyÅ› was next. RyÅ› followed the Nazi behind the shed and another shot was heard. Antonina was in completeRead MoreNegative Effects Of Poaching1806 Words   |  8 Pagesorganizations to become involved as well. Beth Allgood proclaims that,â€Å"rebel and militia groups, criminal syndicates, and even terrorist organizations are using the lucrative black market for animal parts to finance their operations.† In her article,â€Å"Criminal Nature – the dangerous links between poaching and organized crime†, Allgood reports that organized crime groups find wildlife trafficking attractive due to high profits, low risks, and weak penalties. Of course, the dangers of the illegal activities associated

Why Is Light Blue Is the National Color of Italy

Azzurro (literally, azure) is the national  color of Italy. The light blue color, together with the tricolor flag, is a symbol of Italy. Why Blue? The origins of the color date back to 1366, when  Conte Verde, Amedeo VI of Savoy, displayed a large blue flag in tribute to the Madonna  on his flagship, next to the banner of Savoy, while on a crusade organized by Pope Urbano V. He used that opportunity to proclaim azzurro as the national color.   From that time forward, military officers wore a blue-knotted sash or scarf. In 1572, such use was made mandatory for all officers by Duke Emanuele Filiberto of Savoy. Through several changes over the centuries, it became the chief insignia of rank. The blue sash is still worn by officers of the Italian armed forces during ceremonies. The Italian presidential banner is bordered in azzurro, too (in heraldry, the color signifies law and command). Also in tribute to religious figures, the ribbon of the Supreme Order of the Santissima Annunziata, the highest Italian chivalric ensign (and among the oldest in Europe) was light blue, and blue ribbons are used in the military for certain medals (such as the Medaglia dOro al Valor Militare and Croce di Guerra al Valor Militare). Forza Azzurri! During the twentieth century,  azzurro was adopted as the official color of athletic jerseys for national Italian teams. The Italian national soccer team, as a tribute to the Royal House of Italy, wore blue shirts for the first time in January 1911, and the maglietta azzurra quickly become the symbol of the sport. The color took several years to establish itself as part of the uniform for other national teams. In fact, during the 1912 Olympic Games, the most popular color remained white and persisted, even though the Comitato Olimpico Nazionale Italiano  recommended the new jersey. Only during the 1932 Olympic Games in Los Angeles did all Italian athletes wear blue. The national football team also briefly wore black shirts  as demanded by  Benito Mussolini. This shirt was used in a friendly game with Yugoslavia in May 1938 and during the first two World Cup matches that year  against Norway and France. After the war, even though the monarchy was ousted in Italy and the Italian Republic was born, blue uniforms were kept for national sports (but the royal crest of Savoia was eliminated). Its worth noting that the color also frequently serves as the nickname for national Italian sports teams. Gli Azzurri refers to the Italian national soccer, rugby, and ice hockey teams, and the Italian ski team as a whole is referred to as the Valanga Azzurra (Blue Avalanche). The female form, Le Azzurre, is likewise used to refer to Italian womens national teams. The only Italian sports team that doesnt use a blue shirt for its national team (with some exceptions)  is cycling. Ironically, there is an Azzurri dItalia award in the Giro dItalia in which points are awarded for the top three stage finishers. Its similar to the standard points classification for which the leader and final winner are awarded the red jersey but no jersey is awarded for this classification—only a cash prize to the overall winner.

The Georgian Period in the British Empire Essay - 1116 Words

The Georgian period of the British Empire is defined by the rule of the Hanoverian kings who were all named George. The Late-Georgian era spans from 1763, with the reign of George III, George IV and William IV to the crowning of Queen Elizabeth in 1837. The Georgian era was a time of British expansion throughout the world. During this period mercantilism dominated British and Western European economic policies. British Imperial trade was governed by The Navigation Act of 1651, which restricted colonial trade for almost 200 years. But it was in 1763, with the end of the Seven Years War that the modern age of imperial colonialism had truly begun. Mercantilism sparked the creation and expansion of colonies and caused wars between many†¦show more content†¦They belonged to the plantation owner, like any other possession, and had no rights at all. The enslaved Africans were often punished very harshly. Enslaved Africans resisted against their enslavement in many ways, from revolution to silent, personal resistance. Two thirds of the enslaved Africans, taken to the Americas, ended up on sugar plantations. Sugar was also used to make molasses and rum. The American colonies then grew all the food for the West Indies planters so they could use all their land to grow sugar. With the money made from the sale of enslaved Africans, goods such as sugar, rum and tobacco were bought and carried back to Britain. The money earned in Britain would start the triangle over again. The Seven Years War ended on February 10, 1763, when Britain, France, Spain and Portugal officially ratified the Treaty of Paris. While the war had ended mostly as a draw in Europe, the Treaty of Paris had an important consequence on the rest of the world. All of the signing powers received chunks of the Americas to maintain as their separate colonies, but Great Britain gained the largest share, not only in America and the Caribbean islands of Grenada and the Grenadines, St. Vincent and Tobago, but also in the Far East it gained the right to control the great sub-continent of India. The British could truly say that the sun never set on the British Empire. But they were heavily in debt. The war had cost them over 130Show MoreRelatedEssay about The Evolution of Democracy in Georgia5043 Words   |  21 PagesThe Georgian people made its choice on 26 May 1918, when it voted for democracy and pluralism in the conditions of a free Georgia. 26 May was destroyed by Bolshevik bayonets, b ut the idea of freedom and democracy remain undefeated in the Georgian - Statement of the National Democratic Party, 1988.1 In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Caucasian country of Georgia (map below) was among the vanguard of forces seeking the dissolution of the Soviet Union. It was the only republic to join the BalticRead MoreThe Great Leaders Have Used The Power Of Architecture3601 Words   |  15 Pagespractice of using classical architecture to reference the values that classical architects used their buildings to represent several hundreds of years before was first practiced by leaders such as the monarchy of Great Britain. 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His bourgeoning portfolio of non-political interests and activities helpedRead MoreLiterary Group in British Poetry5631 Words   |  23 PagesThe history of English poetry stretches from the middle of the 7th century to the present day. Over this period, English poets have written some of the most enduring poems in Western culture, and the language and its poetry have spread around the globe. Consequently, the term English poetry is unavoidably ambiguous. It can mean poetry written in England, or poetry written in the English language. The earliest surviving poetry was likely transmitted orally and then written down in versions that doRead MoreEssay British Poetry4052 Words   |  17 PagesKnowledge of contemporary British poetry is of great importance when it comes to understanding the reigning trends of England. The 1970s saw a fair amount of polemic concerning the discontinuities of the national traditions, most of it concerned with poetry, all of it vulnerable to a blunt totalizing which demonstrated the triumphant ability of nation to organize literary study and judgment--as it does still, perhaps more than ever. It remains the case twenty years later that there is a strongRead MoreRevisiting, Revising, and Reviving Americas Founding Era6252 Words   |  26 Pageswisdom starts the saga in 1763 when Britain, saddled with debt at the close of the Seven Years War, levied new taxes that prompted her American colonists to resist, and then to reject, imperial rule. Having declared independence and defeated the British, American patriots then drafted the constitution that remains the law of the land to this day. With George Washingtons inauguration as president in 1789, the story has a happy ending and the curtain comes down. This time-honored script renders theRead MoreVernacular Architecture Identity Essay3577 Words   |  15 Pagesarchitecture contains traces of vernacular elements it essentially mirrors international stylistic movements (Drew 2006). This essay will examine Australian architecture s short history in the search for a cogent Australian architectural idiom. The period which will be analysed is the Mid 20th Century which was a time when Modernism became dominant and the Sydney School reacted against the utilitarianism of this movement. Two arguments will be explored within a critical framework to answer the question;Read MoreThe Rise and Fall of Class in Britain9826 Words   |  40 Pagesview that class structure and class analysis provide the key to understanding modern British history and modern British life has been disregarded by many historians and abandoned by almost all politicians. Yet it is also ironic (or mistaken), because it remains a generally held belief, not just in Britain but around the world, that class, like the weather and the monarchy, is a peculiarly and particularly British preoccupation. It certainly has been in recent years at 10 Downing Street. For was it

Natural And Cosmic Theodicy And The Call For A Trinitarian...

2. The Significnace of Natural/Cosmic Theodicy and the Call for a Trinitarian Panentheism According to Veli-Matti Kà ¤rkkà ¤inen, â€Å"A lacuna in Christian theology is the forgetfulness of the cosmic dimensions.† That is, â€Å"In the biblical and patristic traditions, ‘cosmic’ Christologies and pneumatologies are present,† and the retrieval of tradition is â€Å"important both for the sake of interfaith hospitality and improving Christianity’s self-understanding† in interdisciplinary dialogue. Kà ¤rkkà ¤inen points out that the cosmic Christology of the NT (John 1:1-14; Col. 1:15-19; Heb. 1:2-4) points to â€Å"the integral link between Christ’s role in creation and in reconciliation.† This universal Christology resonates with patristic theologies, but â€Å"unfortunately was by and large lost by the time of modern Classical Liberalism and its highly reductionist conception of Jesus merely as a ‘spiritual’ teacher of personal piety.† In the same vein, Christopher Knight also points out that for the patristic fathers, such as Clement of Alexandria, Origen, the Cappadocians, Maximos the Confessor, and many others, â€Å"The Logos in His kenosis, His self-emptying, is hidden everywhere, and the types of His reality, whether in the forms of persons or teachings, will not be the same outside the Christian world as they are within it.† This anthropocentric Christology and doctrine of salvation are inseparably connected to the loss of the cosmic pneumatology found in Scripture and the patristic

The Plastic Pink Flamingo Free Essays

The Plastic Pink Flamingo America has existed for many centuries and it has always revolved around popularity and wealth. Jennifer Price wrote the essay â€Å"The Plastic Pink Flamingo: A Natural History† in order to reveal the truth about American people’s obsessions and passions for their cravings by two main factors: a flamingo and pink. â€Å"First, it was a flamingo. We will write a custom essay sample on The Plastic Pink Flamingo or any similar topic only for you Order Now † When analyzing this essay and focusing on the topic of flamingo, the words Ironic, Hypocritical, Exaggerative, Popularity, and Attention come to ones mind. This was a little ironic, since Americans had hunted flamingos to extinction in Florida in the late 1800’s, for plumes and meat. † This quote plays a big role in the irony of the popular flamingo because these creatures were once viewed as prey and now they are the names of hotels and in people’s lawns. From the 1800’s to the present, the flamingo’s status has changed so much that they can be viewed as an idol now. The exaggeration comes into play when describing the color. Not one real flamingo is that bright of a pink and yet every plastic lawn-ornament is florescent pink. â€Å"A flamingo stands out in a desert even more strikingly than on a lawn. † Price says that there is not purpose of the flamingo except appearance. When people see that bright pink animal in the grass of their neighbor’s front yard they automatically think different so those neighbors are always going to stand out to everyone else. They bring attention which is what everyone wants. â€Å"And the flamingo was pink. Karal Ann Marling once wrote â€Å"sassy pinks† were â€Å"the hottest color of the decade. † In 1956 when Elvis Presley had signed his first recording contract, he purchased a pink Cadillac. Once everyone knew â€Å"The King† had a pink car everyone wanted it. Pink at that time was a very trendy color and to be honest it still is. One of the most popular â€Å"In† trends is the Breast-Cancer epidemic. The icon is a little â₠¬Å"Pink† ribbon and everyone around the world is aware of this disease and pink is overflowing the Earth. The NFL recently spent more than a thousand dollars on pink cleats, head-bands, wrist-bands, and other products. The â€Å"in† color will always change over time but pink will always be that one exception, the one color that everyone can relate to in some way. This entire country is based on appearance, what does everyone else think of us? Price, by the end of the excerpt, has now fully explained to the audience that she believes the United States is just shallow and is obsessed with its manifestation. How to cite The Plastic Pink Flamingo, Papers

ASIC V Linderberg-Case-Study-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Research on ASIC v Lindberg (2012 )Australian Case Involving breach of Company director's/officer's duties under the Corporations Act 2001. Answer: Introduction A landmark penalty judgment was handed by the Supreme Court Judge of Victoria, Robson J, on 09th Aug, 2012 when the Australian Securities and Investments Commission, herein referred to as ASIC, initiated legal proceedings against Andrew Lindberg, herein referred to as Lindberg. The matter was initiated as Lindberg was the previous managing director of the company AWB Limited and the ASIC had made a claim that Lindberg had not fulfilled the duties contained in the Corporations Act, 2001. The full citation of the case was ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332, where the penalty judgment was given by the court after the decision was attained to settle down the proceedings (Jade, 2017). Due to the breaching the provisions of governing commonwealth act, the judgment restated the pecuniary penalties and the disqualification order imposition (Jacobson, 2012a). The discussion which has been carried in the ensuing parts cover the facts of this case, along with the duties which were breached and finally the decision given in this matter has been covered, before concluding the entire discussion. Discussion of the Case ASIC v Lindberg was a highly publicized case where the allegations were laid against the violations which were undertaken by the company AWB. These were carried for the resolutions of United Nations, herein referred to as UN, which were undertaken with Iraq. The resolution called on the UNs member states, herein referred to as UNMS, for preventing the sale of any kind of commodity to Iraq and this had some exceptions, drawn from humanitarian basis and the exception included food material. An attempt was made through this resolution to deny the hard currency to the regime of Iraq. Oil for Food Program, herein referred to as OFP, had the responsibility of undertaking the sanction which led to the proceeds from the sale of petroleum products of Iraq being placed under the UNs escrow account. The release of funds from this account was only allowed for the commodities which were permitted, including the food material. AWB was a huge supplier of wheat to Iraq as per the OFP (Austlii, 2017a ). There were two key matters on the basis of which the violation of the UN resolution had been claimed. The first and the foremost one was related to the 10% payment made as being the trucking fee which was related to the contracts of wheat undertaken with Alia. Alia was an intermediary company which was passing on this fee to the Iraqi government and so, the hard currency was obtained by the government. This was in addition to the fact that the payment being received by AWB was designed in a manner so as to reimburse such payments. Hence, through this entire transaction, the money held in the UN escrow account was being made use for such purposes which were restricted under it (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). The other violation claimed was regarding the contract undertaken between the company, i.e., AWB and Tigris. Tigris was a third party and the purpose of this contract was the recovery of outstanding $8 million which was related to the shipment of wheat to Iraq. AWB had inflated the prices of wheat under OFP contracts. This again hampered the purpose of the UN resolution as the money from the escrow account was being used for the purpose different from payment for permitted commodities. These contracts had the valid approval of UN; though, this approval was taken without the UN being given the knowledge regarding the purpose or the increase in the prices. The contract of Tigris and AWB had been portrayed wrongly as debt payment recovery by AWB to Tigris as being the service fee, and the commission payment by Tigris to AWB as being the success fee. Different investigations were asked to be carried on under the OFP for the activities which were undertaken by AWB and included in this was the Project Rose, in addition to the external investigation of the UN Independent Inquiry Committee. Project rose was the AWBs internal investigation (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). All this was undertaken with the proceedings which were brought against Lindberg by ASIC as he had violated his obligation of working in good faith. A lot of delays were encountered and related applications were filed and this included the application by the ASIC to modify the statement of claim. Once this was done, a long process was started by the parties in the late parts of 2009 to negotiate on the actions settlement. Apart from Lindberg, ASIC also started the proceedings against the chief financial officer of the company, Peter Ingleby. Though, this is a different matter which was dealt in ASIC v Ingleby [2012] VSC 339 (Wyld, 2012). Duties/ Responsibilities Breached The declaration of contravention made by the court in this case was accepted by both ASIC and Lindberg. These violations were made for four different matters which were limited and the facts were agreed between the parties. The first one was related to the Lindbergs failure in carrying out the needed enquiries in the debt recovery matter related to Tigris for such a high value. This was particularly because the money was used from the escrow account and the prices were inflated, and this was done without the knowledge or the approval by UN. The second ground on which Lindberg faulted was informing the AWBs board about Project Rose only regarding the examination of documents which the company had, and about the interviews conducted with the present employees of the company. The information about the previous employees of the company being not interviewed, even when they had substantial information in this matter, resulted in Lindbergs fault (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). Lindbergs third fault was the information which he failed to pass to the companys board that the debt of Tigris had been recovered by increasing the wheat prices in the OFP contracts, along with the fact that there had been a wrong description of the commission and the success fee. And the last point of fault of Lindberg was not informing the companys board till Sep 2005 that he had attained the knowledge in Feb 2005 by Independent Inquiry Committee of the UN that the company Alia was being used by the government of Iraq as a source to channel the funds and that in reality, there had been no exemption given to AWB in the matter of trucking fee. The fourth fault also included the non disclosure regarding the inclusion of 10% as kickback in the prices of the contract (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). In the matter of the situations which have been highlighted in this segment, Lindberg accepted that there had been a contravention of section 180(1) of the Corporations Act, 2001. As per this section, the company directors and officers are required to make use of their powers and the given authorizes in diligent and careful manner (Federal Register of Legislation, 2017). It is mandatory that the power and duties be used in a manner as would have been done by a reasonable individual who had the same position, powers, duties and office as the officer or director in question (Austlii, 2017b). Where the conditions laid down in this section are not undertaken, section 1317E imposes civil penalties on the contravening parties (Cassidy, 2006). And through this section, the court has the power of making a declaration of contravention (WIPO, 2015, 2017). Once a declaration of contravention has been made, the ASIC gets the power of seeking pecuniary penalties based on section 1317G, or they ca n opt for the disqualification order as per section 206C (ICNL, 2017). Lindberg was not only the MD but was also the companys CEO and so the duties stated above were applicable on him. Yet, there was a failure on his part in undertaking his obligations and using his powers in a diligent and careful manner. Any reasonable individual would have undertaken the needed care in the given situation, had they been the MD or the CEO of the company and had the powers and duties of Lindberg. The parties reached an agreement regarding the violations; however, this did not include any deliberate wrongdoing, dishonesty or any ounce of moral turpitude (Donovan, 2012). Coupled with this, the parties agreed to the lack of causal link between the harm which was suffered and the Lindbergs violations. Lindberg, throughout the case, monitored and supervised the events (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). Lindberg and ASIC amicably reached a decision that the imposition of penalty of $100,000 would be sufficient for the undertaken violations (Adams, 2012). And this was followed by a disqualification order imposed on him, which was set to end on 14th Sep, 2012 (Jacobson, 2012b). The reason for imposing pecuniary penalties was given to be the seriousness of the violations. Courts Decision In order to give the legal validity to the amicably decided penalties and disqualification, a court order was sought out by the ASIC. Robson J had to decide if the violations which had been claimed by the parties had the required seriousness to award both the disqualification order and the pecuniary penalty. It was not at all doubted by Justice Robson that there had been a violation of section 180(1) and he also upheld that Lindberg had been negligent in the matter of performance of the duties by being the director and the officer of the company. The court also agreed on the absence of dishonesty, deliberate wrongdoing and moral turpitude in the conduct of Lindberg. Though, there was a clear failure in performance of duties by Lindberg and any reasonable person in Lindbergs place would have undertaken care. Holding the significance of section 180, Robson J held the violation of this section by Lindberg (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). Robson J, in the matter of penalties stated that there was seriousness in the violations of Lindberg which required the imposition of the penalties which had been amicably decided between ASIC and Lindberg. Robson J also stated that these penalties were within the range which is permissible, even when it was on the upper side of this range. Robson J referred to ASIC v Donovan (1998) 28 ACSR 500 for deciding upon the seriousness of the matter. And the casual link between the harm suffered by the company and the violation by Lindberg was due to lack of the three, i.e., dishonesty, deliberate wrongdoing and moral turpitude (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). However, the admission by Lindberg, along with the fact that he knew that this matter was quite serious, owing to his vast experience, resulted in this admission as being of significant nature. Reference was made by the court to the previous authorities for the disqualification orders and the pecuniary penalties to not be for the only reason of protection of the general public; but also the acting as a specific and general deterrent. After considering all these reasons, the mutually decided upon disqualification orders and the pecuniary penalties were agreed by Justice Robson and an order giving legality to the same was passed (Austin and Reynolds, 2012). Conclusion The discussion carried on here clearly signifies the matter which was put before the court in ASIC v Lindberg, where the ex-MD of the company, after violating his duties laid down under the Corporations Act, agreed to be punished. This punishment not only included him being disqualified from being the director of the company for a specified time period, but also led to the imposition of pecuniary penalties on him. The acts undertaken by him were such that allowed the purpose of the UN resolutions to be discarded. Cases like these act as a guidance and even a warning to the directors and officers of the companies in the nation, to diligently undertake their work. And in case the same is not done, they can also be asked to pay penalties like Lindberg. References Adams, M.A. (2012) Australian Corporate Governance. [Online] The University of Hong Kong. Available from: https://www.law.hku.hk/aiifl/wp-content/uploads/2012/05/ppt-AusCorpGovernance-ADAMS-12Oct.pdf [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Austin, R., and Reynolds, C. (2012) Minter Ellison Alert | ASIC v Lindberg more on the duty of care and diligence. [Online] MinterEllison. Available from: https://www.minterellison.com/publications/asic-v-lindberg/ [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Austlii. (2017a) Australian Securities Investments Commission [ASIC] v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332 (9 August 2012). [Online] Austlii. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/cgi-bin/sinodisp/au/cases/vic/VSC/2012/332.html?stem=0synonyms=0query=Lindberg [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Austlii. (2017b) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Austlii. Available from: https://www.austlii.edu.au/au/legis/cth/consol_act/ca2001172/ [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Cassidy, J. (2006) Concise Corporations Law. 5th ed. NSW: The Federation Press. Donovan, S. (2012) Lindberg fined $100k over AWB Iraq kick-backs. [Online] ABC. Available from: https://www.abc.net.au/worldtoday/content/2012/s3564108.htm [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Federal Register of Legislation. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] Federal Register of Legislation. Available from: https://www.legislation.gov.au/Details/C2013C00605 [Accessed on: 13/08/17] ICNL. (2017) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] ICNL. Available from: https://www.icnl.org/research/library/files/Australia/Corps2001Vol4WD02.pdf [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Jacobson, D. (2012a) ASIC v Lindberg (AWB) Update. [Online] BrightLaw. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-lindberg-awb-update/ [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Jacobson, D. (2012b) ASIC v Lindberg: AWB Penalty. [Online] BrightLaw. Available from: https://www.brightlaw.com.au/asic-v-lindberg-awb-penalty/ [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Jade. (2017) ASIC v Lindberg [2012] VSC 332; 91 ACSR 640. [Online] Jade. Available from: https://jade.io/article/269532 [Accessed on: 13/08/17] WIPO. (2015) Corporations Act 2001. [Online] WIPO. Available from: https://www.wipo.int/wipolex/en/text.jsp?file_id=370817 [Accessed on: 13/08/17] Wyld, R. (2012) An Update From Australia AWB Wheat Kickbacks To Iraq Result In Sentences. [Online] FCPA Professor LLP. Available from: https://fcpaprofessor.com/category/andrew-lindberg/ [Accessed on: 13/08/17]

Essay for Eating Disorders within the Family - myassignmenthelp

Question: Write about theEssay for Eating Disorders within the Family. Answer: There are many misconceptions about eating disorder that are prevailing in the market. A large segment of the society believes that family is directly related with the formation or causation of the eating disorder, which is completely wrong. There are few examples where family is the cause of the disorder, but that doesnt make it universal. Psychologists believe that family can more efficiently work as curing agent rather than causing it. It is upon individual or their family to decide what role they want their family to play in their recovery (Berge et al., 2014). The role of family in managing or prevention of eating disorder can be studied with the help of psychological theories, as eating disorder can be put under psychological disorder. The most effective theory that can help in understanding familys role in the matter is the attachment theory (Anastasiadou et al., 2014). The attachment theory was formulated by John Bowlby after World War II, when UN asked him to write a pamphlet on the difficulties faced by homeless and orphaned children. Bowlby formulated the theory to describe the dynamics of long term relationship between human beings. The primary principle of the theory explains the importance of a developed relationship of an infant with at least one caregiver for social and emotional development. This can only bring out a normal growth of a child in the society (Bowlby Ainsworth, 2013). It is quite obvious these days, that, the children with insecure attachment style are more prone to eating disorder. This attachment starts to grow within first five to seven years of their life. It is observed that, the children who feel that their parents are a reliable source of comfort and security are most likely to develop secure attachment style and grow healthy habits (Tasca Balfour, 2014). Many of the eating disorder sufferers usually turn to food to find security, comfort and emotional stability. On the other hand, many eat less due to their emotional distress, which is a common case. The family cannot be blamed for the disorder as it is a complicated issue where many factors have to come together for a person to develop the disorder. What is known to all that, behaviour like, a cold parental attitude, high expectations from a child, parental rejection can lead to eating disorder. Human being is a social animal, which can only survive in social context. From the very childhood to the mature state, they seek secure attached relationships that will provide emotional support, comfort and availability, especially at stressful situation and moments of important changes. Human children has an inbuilt ability to start internalize daily interactions and experiences with their parents. It depends on their parents and the family members how they respond to their childs attachment behaviour. If the infants receive a positive feedback from their caregivers, they feel their importance and value to them and act accordingly. Now, if the infants consistently receive rejection or inconsistent response to their signals, they experience unlovable and incompetent, which eventually lead them to insecurity. Bowlbys attachment theory states that, it is essential to grow a secure quality of attachment relationship to solve developmental tasks in adolescent period like adjusting to physical changes, defining goals for the future or creating own identity and thus represents an important buffer for psychological risks. Failing this brings emotional insecurity, which in most of the cases leads to develop eating disorder in the children (Holmes, 2014). Adolescent is another phase of human life and the most important one in this process. This is the period when children tends to detach from their parents and wants to become independent, but seeks their parents comfort and solace under severe stress. This is a paradoxical situation whi ch can be resolved with mutual open communication. Moreover, as they start to become more autonomous, they tend to develop accurate and thoughtful responses to attachment experiences. In most of the cases, proves to become an issue of discomfort for the parents, but is fundamental to form secure relationship with other in the future and reconsider and alter the pre set of concepts about attachment in the respective minds (Rohde, Stice Marti, 2015). It is often seen that, failure in proper attachment with family during these developmental phase tends to lead to eating disorder in individual. This is commonly seen around the world with little or no modifications as human cognition works in a similar basic pattern. Variation in culture leads to different outcomes. Role of family in managing eating disorder is crucial according to the psychiatrists around the world. Family treatment theory or family therapy is popular among the psychologists in treatment and management of eating disorder where they use the patients family as a tool for recovery and management. The theory was proposed by doctor Murray Bowen in the year 1974, based on human behaviour that views the family as an emotional unit and uses it to describe the complex interaction in the unit (Boszormenyi-Nagy Framo, 2013). Family therapy is equally important for both adult and adolescent patients. This is a complex illness which involves many contributing factors. Different family background can develop different results in managing eating disorder. The focus has been set at the center of the disease, where psychologists reach out the family to help them examine emotion within the family system, communication and relationship patterns that helps managing the disorder. Families can also come together for help out the ill in the recovery. It can include a strong parental alliance, resolution of family difficulties and support the adolescent developing their independence. Different approaches can be taken for treatment of the patient and manage the disorder in a family level. They are family therapy session, couple therapy, family based treatment, therapeutic family snack and therapeutic family meals, multi-family therapy group and many more. Family-Based treatment or Maudsley approach is evidence based model, commonly used families of children and adolescents with the disorder. The family is instructed to maintain three phase intensive therapeutic model. This model is best suited for the taking care of the children and the adolescents of the family. Couple therapy is best way to treat the patient in a relationship. Eating disorder can have critical impact on the relationship if any of the partners suffers from it. Negative body image, decreased sexual desire and hi gh level of secrecy can often be related with the disorder. Managing these cases can also manage the disorder before it can cause any harm. Family therapy is another important tool used by the psychologists who engage the patients in the session with their family (Couturier, Kimber Szatmari, 2013; Family Therapy, 2017) Many times, lack independence and privacy can cause an eating disorder in adolescents. There are many reports where the adolescent seek out ways in which to achieve desired autonomy. A supportive approach in this matter from the parents can resolve the issue adequately. This can be achieved by spending more time together as a family, expressing love and attention to each other, make the members of the family feel acceptance and important and supporting the identities and uniqueness of the members (Kimber et al., 2014). Weight related negative comments influences the opinion, attitudes and behaviours, which results in disordered eating. The family members should eliminate negative connotations from weight, food and body image, for which, the psychotherapists proposes the parents to have least amount of food rules that is possible. Negative conversations should also be avoided at all possible level (Lock Le Grange, 2015). Conflict avoidance is another issue in which families act as a possible precursor, as well as maintainer for eating disorder. This occurs in a family with unclear boundaries among the family subsystems. Lack of psycho-education can also lead the family members into eating disorder as they dont have any proper knowledge, hence, operate other ways. Development of psycho-education can help the family in managing the disorder among the members of the family (Robinson, Dolhanty Greenberg, 2015). From the essay, a conclusion can be drawn that eating disorder is caused primarily due to psychological factors and family plays an important role in it. There are various other factors influencing the formation of the disorder. Psychologists and psychotherapists prefer family therapy in both preventing and managing the disorder. Attachment theory of Bowlby shows its competence in analyzing and treating the disorder in family level as it shows clear role of family and its importance. This attachment is necessary for children, adolescent and adults to grow a strong positive behaviour. Lack of attachment is the primary ingredient for developing eating disorder, as the patient goes through stress which they cannot comfort as they do not grow any attachment with their family. The attachment theory needs to be implemented at the early stages of life as the children grow most of their behaviour patterns within age five to seven. These attachment rules are not universal and vary for differe nt age group and needs to be treated accordingly. Family therapy on the other hand is used to manage and treat the individual suffering from the disease. Proper implication of this theory by the family is vital in every society. The variations have to be adopted according to the culture under study. References Anastasiadou, D., Medina-Pradas, C., Sepulveda, A. R., Treasure, J. (2014). A systematic review of family caregiving in eating disorders.Eating behaviors,15(3), 464-477. Berge, J. M., Wall, M., Larson, N., Eisenberg, M. E., Loth, K. A., Neumark-Sztainer, D. (2014). The unique and additive associations of family functioning and parenting practices with disordered eating behaviors in diverse adolescents.Journal of behavioral medicine,37(2), 205-217. Boszormenyi-Nagy, I., Framo, J. L. (2013).Intensive family therapy: Theoretical and practical aspects. Routledge. Bowlby, J., Ainsworth, M. (2013). The origins of attachment theory.Attachment Theory: Social, Developmental, and Clinical Perspectives,45. Couturier, J., Kimber, M., Szatmari, P. (2013). Efficacy of family?based treatment for adolescents with eating disorders: A systematic review and meta?analysis.International Journal of Eating Disorders,46(1), 3-11. Family Therapy. (2017).eatingdisorder.org. Retrieved 30 July 2017, from https://eatingdisorder.org/treatment-and-support/therapeutic-modalities/family-therapy/ Holmes, J. (2014).The search for the secure base: Attachment theory and psychotherapy. Routledge. Kimber, M., Couturier, J., Jack, S., Niccols, A., Blyderveen, S., McVey, G. (2014). Decision?making processes for the uptake and implementation of family?based therapy by eating disorder treatment teams: A qualitative study.International Journal of Eating Disorders,47(1), 32-39. Lock, J., Le Grange, D. (2015).Treatment manual for anorexia nervosa: A family-based approach. Guilford Publications. Robinson, A. L., Dolhanty, J., Greenberg, L. (2015). Emotion?Focused Family Therapy for Eating Disorders in Children and Adolescents.Clinical psychology psychotherapy,22(1), 75-82. Rohde, P., Stice, E., Marti, C. N. (2015). Development and predictive effects of eating disorder risk factors during adolescence: Implications for prevention efforts.International Journal of Eating Disorders,48(2), 187-198. Tasca, G. A., Balfour, L. (2014). Attachment and eating disorders: A review of current research.International Journal of Eating Disorders,47(7), 710-717.